Cooling Mode - Heat Flux

Heat fluxes for various cooling or heat transfer modes. Reference values based on 85°C surface temperature and 20°C ambient temperature.

Cooling ModeHeat Flux (kW/m²)
Free Convection Air0.5
Forced Convection Air5
Free Convection Immersion10
Forced Convection Immersion500
Forced Convection Boiling1000
Impingement Air10
Jet Immersion, single phase400
Jet Immersion, boiling900

Notes

  • Conversion Factor: 1 Btu/ft²h = 3.1525 W/m²
  • Reference Conditions: Based on 85°C surface temperature and 20°C ambient temperature