Fuels - Combustion Air and Flue Gases

Combustion air and flue gas for common fuels - coke, oil, wood, natural gas and more. Calculate theoretical air requirements and flue gas production for various fuel types including solids, gases, and fluids.

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Theoretical Air for Combustion-- m³ or ft³
Theoretical Flue Gas-- m³ or ft³
Fuel TypeCategoryTheoretical Air (m³/kg or m³/m³)Theoretical Flue Gas (m³/kg or m³/m³)Theoretical Air (ft³/lb or ft³/ft³)Theoretical Flue Gas (ft³/lb or ft³/ft³)
AnthraciteSolids9.49.5150152
Bituminous CoalSolids6.97110112
CharcoalSolids8.48.4134135
CokeSolids8.48134135
LigniteSolids5.78.49293
PeatSolids5.75.99294
Semi AnthraciteSolids8.48.6135137
Wood (dry)Solids4.457080
Butane C4H10Gases3133.43133.4
Natural GasGases9.510.59.510.5
Propane C3H8Gases23.825.823.825.8
Gas OilFluids9.810.415701670
Heavy Fuel OilFluids10.811.617301860

Notes

  1. Combustion of Fuel Gases: Combustion of a fuel gas creates a flue gas with higher density than the fuel gas and the combustion air. This is due to stoichiometric combustion reactions.

  2. Volume at Standard Pressure: All volume measurements are at standard pressure conditions.

Categories

Solids

Includes coal types (Anthracite, Bituminous, Lignite), coke, charcoal, peat, and wood.

Gases

Includes hydrocarbon gases such as Butane, Propane, and Natural Gas.

Fluids

Includes liquid fuels such as Gas Oil and Heavy Fuel Oil.

Unit Systems

  • Metric: m³/kg for solids, m³/m³ for gases, m³/liter for fluids
  • Imperial: ft³/lb for solids, ft³/ft³ for gases, ft³/gallon for fluids