Low-Frequency Vibrations Effects on Building Constructions

Effects of low-frequency vibrations on building constructions.

Frequency Range (Hz)	Vibration Type	Effects on Building	Typical Sources	Risk Level
0.5 - 2	Very Low Frequency	Minimal structural damage, comfort disturbance	Distant earthquakes, ocean waves	Low
2 - 5	Low Frequency	Resonance potential, minor structural vibrations	Heavy traffic, construction equipment	Medium
5 - 10	Low-Mid Frequency	Noticeable vibrations, potential fatigue cracking	Industrial machinery, rail traffic	Medium-High
10 - 20	Mid Frequency	Visible building sway, comfort issues	HVAC systems, generators	High
20 - 100	Higher Frequency	Localized damage, window rattling	Impact loads, mechanical equipment	High