Water Hammer
A calculator for estimating pressure spikes (water hammer) caused by sudden changes in flow rate in pipes. Calculates the surge pressure resulting from rapid valve closure or opening, pump start/stop events, or pipeline bursts.
Water Hammer Calculator
A Water Hammer (or Surge) is a pressure spike caused by sudden variation of flow rate in pipes. This calculator estimates the pressure spike using the formula:
Δp = 0.070 × Δv × l / Δt
Where:
- Δp = pressure spike (psi)
- Δv = change in flow velocity (ft/s)
- l = upstream pipe length (ft)
- Δt = valve closing time (s)
Unit Conversions
- 1 ft = 0.3048 m
- 1 ft/s = 0.3048 m/s
- 1 psi = 6894.8 Pa
- 1 psi = 0.0689476 bar